Freiburg personality inventory in inflammatory bowel disease: diagnosis and psychotherapeutic needs / Inventario de personalidad de Freiburg en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: diagnóstico y necesidades psicoterapéuticas

A pesar de los descubrimientos recientes, los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) aún enfrentan desafíos para lograr la remisión. Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar las características de los pacientes con el Inventario de Personalidad de Freiburg y la intensidad de la enfermedad colónica, comorbilidades que podrían estar relacionadas con la personalidad de los sujetos. Los datos se recopilaron en el período 2019-2020 de 46 pacientes y utilizaron métodos no paramétricos. En comparación con el grupo de control, las escalas de Inhibición, Problemas de salud y Emocionalidad tenían puntuaciones brutas significativamente más altas. Las escalas de Orientación Social, Franqueza y Extraversión tuvieron puntajes brutos significativamente más bajos. El estado de salud fue un factor médico que influyó en la escala de Quejas Somáticas, los pacientes que tenían lesiones o comorbilidades tenían puntuaciones brutas significativamente más altas. Los pacientes que tenían comorbilidades además de la EII tenían puntuaciones brutas considerablemente más altas en la escala de Excitabilidad. Se requieren intervenciones psicoterapéuticas de cambio en la percepción de la vida para abordar la descripción del sufrimiento subjetivo relacionado con molestias físicas (escala de quejas somáticas), una fuerte orientación hacia el rendimiento (escala de tensión), cambios de humor, ansiedad y pesimismo (escala de emocionalidad). Otra intervención es la reconsideración y (re)priorización de valores, como la familia, las relaciones íntimas, los amigos, la salud, el crecimiento, el desarrollo, el trabajo equilibrado, todos los cuales pueden promover una sensación de bienestar y equilibrio.(AU)

Despite recent discoveries, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still face challenges with attainment of remission. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of patients with the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the intensity of the intestinal disease, comorbidities that could be related to the personality of the subjects. Data were collected in the period 2019–2020 from 46 patients and used nonparametric methods. Compared to the normative sample, the Inhibitedness, Health Concerns, and Emotionality scales had significantly higher raw scores. The Social Orientation, Frankness, and Extraversionscales had significantly lower raw scores. Health status was a medical factor that influenced the Somatic Complaintsscale, patients who had lesions or comorbidities had significantly higher raw scores. Patients who had comorbidities in addition to IBD had considerably higher raw scores on the Excitability scale. Psychotherapeutic change interventions regarding life perception are required to tackle the description of subjective suffering related to physical inconveniences (Somatic Complaintsscale), a strong orientation toward performance (Strainscale), mood swings, anxiety, and pessimism (Emotionality scale). Another intervention is reconsidering values and (re) prioritization, such as family, intimate relationships, friends, health, growth, development, balanced work, all of which can promote a feeling of well-being and balance.(AU)

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Gender Invariance of the Coping Strategies Inventory in Academic University Stress / [Análisis factorial confirmatorio e invarianza de género del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) en estrés académico universitario]

Background: Though the Spanish version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) is frequently used, it has not been subjected to any significant re-evaluation from a psychometric perspective. Method: We analysed CSI data that was focused on an academic stress situation, using a university sample of 874 participants, 50% of each gender. We conducted reliability, confirmatory factor, and factorial invariance across gender analyses. Results: The first-order factorial structure was confirmed, showing an adequate fit for the eight-factor coping strategies model with good reliability indices. Neither the second-order (problem-centred vs. emotion-centred) nor third-order (engagement vs. disengagement) strategies showed an adequate fit. Factorial invariance for gender was confirmed. Conclusions: The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.(AU)

Antecedentes: Aunque la versión española del del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) se usa frecuentemente, no se ha sometido a reevaluación psicométrica. Método: Analizamos datos del CSI aplicados a situaciones de estrés académico utilizando una muestra universitaria de 874 participantes, 50% de cada género. Llevamos a cabo análisis de fiabilidad, confirmatorios y de invarianza factorial por género. Resultados: Se confirmó la estructura factorial de primer orden, mostrando un ajuste adecuado el modelo de 8 estrategias de afrontamiento, con buenos índices de fiabilidad. No mostraron un ajuste adecuado las factorizaciones de segundo orden (centrado en el problema o en la emoción) ni de tercer orden (compromiso o retirada). Se confirmó la invarianza factorial por género. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y aplicadas de los resultados.(AU)

Understanding variation in impacts from private protected areas across regions and protection mechanisms to inform organizational practices.

Private land protection is an important and growing tool to address biodiversity loss and climate change. Thus, better empirical evidence on the effectiveness of private land protection and organizational practices, such as targeting of lands for protection and choice of protection mechanism (i.e., fee simple land acquisition and conservation easements), is needed. We addressed this gap by estimating the impacts of The Nature Conservancy's (TNC) (a large nongovernmental organization with relatively decentralized management) conservation land acquisitions and easements from 1988 to 2016 in three regions of the United States (Mid-Atlantic, New England and New York, and California). We estimated impact in terms of avoided conversion by comparing natural land cover on 3179 protected parcels with matched unprotected parcels. Nineteen of 21 ecoregional plans used threats of agriculture and development to identify priorities for protection. When regions and protection mechanisms were pooled, on average there was no evidence of avoided conversion from 1988 to 2016. Accounting for mechanisms, TNC land acquisitions avoided conversion and easements did not. TNC's easements on parcels acquired by conservation partners did avoid conversion. Limitations of these results include focus on a single measure of impact, inability to capture future avoided conversion, and low land cover change accuracy in California. Our results suggest that private land protection managers who seek to avoid land conversion in the near to medium term should increase focus on areas with higher threats. Special attention should be paid to strengthening accountability and the role of partners, improving or clarifying how easements are used, and facilitating the flow of resources to work with the greatest potential impact.

Comprensión de la variación en el impacto de las áreas protegidas privadas sobre las regiones y los mecanismos de protección para guiar las prácticas organizativas Resumen La protección de terreno privado es una herramienta importante, aunque su naturaleza voluntaria puede sesgar la protección hacia parcelas menos amenazadas­lo que resulta en que la conversión no se evite o se evite muy poco. Además, muchos programas de protección privada tienen una supervisión limitada y pocos reportes de sus resultados. Por lo tanto, se necesitan mejores evidencias empíricas de la efectividad de la protección en suelo privado y las prácticas organizativas, como el enfoque en tierras para protección y la selección de los mecanismos de protección (adquisición de terrenos a título oneroso y servidumbres de conservación). Abordamos esta brecha con la estimación de impactos de las adquisiciones de suelo de The Nature Conservancy (TNC, una gran organización no gubernamental con un manejo relativamente descentralizado) y las servidumbres implementadas entre 1988 y 2016 en tres regiones de los Estados Unidos: Atlántico Medio, Nueva Inglaterra y Nueva York, y California. Estimamos el impacto en términos de la conversión que se evitó al comparar la cobertura de suelo en 3,179 parcelas protegidas con parcelas desprotegidas equivalentes. Diecinueve de los 21 planes eco­regionales usaron las amenazas a la agricultura y al desarrollo para identificar las prioridades de protección. Cuando agrupamos las regiones y los mecanismos de protección, en promedio no hubo impacto alguno. Si se consideran los mecanismos, las adquisiciones de suelo de la TNC tuvieron un impacto mientras que las servidumbres no. Las servidumbres de la TNC en las parcelas adquiridas por socios de conservación sí tuvieron un impacto, aunque esta manera de proteger sólo se presentó en las regiones del Atlántico Medio y de Nueva Inglaterra y Nueva York. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la protección privada, especialmente mediante servidumbres, puede estar sesgada hacia suelos no amenazados. Los gestores que buscan evitar la conversión del suelo a mediano o corto plazo deberían enfocarse más en las áreas con más amenazas. Se debería prestar especial atención al fortalecimiento del papel y las responsabilidades de los socios, a la mejora o aclaración de cómo se usan las servidumbres y la facilitación del flujo de recursos para trabajar con el mayor impacto potencial.

Amphibians and reptiles of the Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista - Itaipu Dam, state of Paraná, southern Brazil / Anfíbios e répteis do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista - hidrelétrica Itaipu, estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

Abstract Information regarding species occurrence is fundamental to understanding biodiversity distribution. However, the biodiversity from the west of the state of Paraná has been historically less studied, especially amphibians and reptiles. For this reason, we present the first reptile list of species from the west of the state of Paraná and extend the current list of anurans for the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu. The species list was based on a systematic field study conducted at Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista (RBV) a conservation area within the Hydroelectric Power Itaipu Binacional. We integrated the species list with previous species observations available in the literature for the same place where our sampling was conducted. A total of 41 species of amphibians and reptiles are presented. All amphibians species found were recorded in the field; however, from the 22 species of reptiles recorded, three were historical records obtained before this study. Species were all classified as Least Concern and/or had stable populational status according to the IUCN. Sampling sufficiency was achieved for anurans but not for reptiles, probably due to low abundance of several snake species. The most abundant species of anuran was Dendropsophus nanus, from the Hylidae family, whereas Leptodactylus plaumanni and Scinax squalirostris were represented by only one individual each. The lizard Salvator merianae was the most abundant reptile, and seven species were represented by only one individual each. The most successful sampling method for adult anurans was active search in water bodies whereas most of reptile species were observed by accidental encounters and not through a systematic sampling method. We found that herpetofauna composition from RBV was similar to other communities from Paraná state that also occur within the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Finally, as additional information to the species list, we offer species identification keys and discuss the importance of Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista to harbor the anuran and reptile diversity of the region.

Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência de espécies são fundamentais para a compreensão da distribuição da biodiversidade. Porém, a biodiversidade do oeste do Estado do Paraná tem sido historicamente menos estudada, especialmente a de anfíbios e répteis. Por esse motivo, apresentamos a primeira lista de espécies de répteis do oeste do Estado do Paraná e ampliamos a lista atual de anuros para o município de Foz do Iguaçu. A lista de espécies foi baseada em um estudo sistemático de campo realizado em uma área de conservação dentro da Usina Hidrelétrica Itaipu Binacional. Integramos a lista de espécies com observações de espécies anteriores disponíveis na literatura para o mesmo local onde nossa amostragem foi realizada. Um total de 41 espécies são apresentadas. Todas as espécies de anuros encontradas foram registradas em campo; entretanto, das 22 espécies de répteis registradas, três foram registros obtidos antes deste estudo. Todas as espécies foram classificadas como "Pouco Preocupante" e/ou tinham status de "População Estável" de acordo com a IUCN. A suficiência amostral foi alcançada para anuros, mas não para répteis, provavelmente devido à baixa abundância de diversas espécies de serpentes. A espécie de anuro mais abundante foi Dendropsophus nanus, da família Hylidae, enquanto Leptodactylus plaumanni e Scinax squalirostris foram representados por apenas um indivíduo cada. O lagarto Salvator merianae foi o réptil mais abundante, e sete espécies foram representadas por um indivíduo cada. O método de amostragem mais bem sucedido para anuros adultos foi a busca ativa em corpos d'água, enquanto a maioria das espécies de répteis foi observada por encontros acidentais e não através de um método de amostragem sistematizado. Descobrimos que a composição da herpetofauna do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista foi semelhante à de outras comunidades do estado do Paraná que também ocorrem dentro da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Por fim, como informações adicionais à lista de espécies, oferecemos chaves de identificação das espécies e discutimos sobre a importância da área de Itaipu para abrigar a diversidade de anuros e répteis da região.

Efectos de un curso universitario de extensión sobre habilidades sociales de adolescentes / Efeitos de um curso universitário de extensão sobre habilidades sociais de adolescentes / Effects of a university extension course on adolescent's social skills

As habilidades sociais têm importante papel na vida escolar e profissional. Este estudo, de natureza descritiva e correlacional, analisa os efeitos de um Curso de extensão intitulado "Imersão na Universidade: você protagonista do seu futuro", sobre as habilidades sociais de estudantes do Ensino Médio da rede pública. Para tanto, aplicou-se o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais em Adolescentes (IHSA-DelPrette) no momento inicial e três meses após o término do curso, considerando dois indicadores: (1) frequência e (2) dificuldade com que reagiam às diferentes demandas de interação social. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os escores pré e pós intervenção (p = 0,014), evidenciando aumento da frequência das habilidades. Para a dificuldade não foi observada diferença significante, embora tenha ocorrido uma diminuição de 13,45%. A universidade pode ser um espaço não apenas para capacitação analítica e instrumental, mas para o desenvolvimento interpessoal tanto da comunidade interna quanto externa.

Las habilidades sociales poseen importante papel en la vida escolar y profesional. En este estudio, de naturaleza descriptiva y correlacional, se analiza los efectos de un Curso de extensión intitulado "Inmersión en la Universidad: usted es protagonista de su futuro", sobre las habilidades sociales de estudiantes de la enseñanza secundaria de la red pública. Para tanto, se aplicó el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales en Adolescentes (IHSA-DelPrette) en el momento inicial y tres meses tras el término del curso, considerando dos indicadores: (1) frecuencia y (2) dificultad con que reaccionaran a las diferentes demandas de interacción social. Se verificó diferencia estadísticamente significante entre los escores pre y tras intervención (p = 0,014), evidenciando aumento de la frecuencia de las habilidades. Para la dificultad no se observó diferencia significante, aunque haya sucedido una disminución del 13,45%. La universidad puede ser un espacio no solo para capacitación analítica e instrumental, pero también para el desarrollo interpersonal de la comunidad interna y externa.

Social skills play an important role in school and professional life. This descriptive and correlational study analyzes the effects of an extension course entitled "Immersion in the University: you are the protagonist of your future", about the social skills of High School students in public schools. To this end, the Inventory of Social Skills in Adolescents (IHSA-DelPrette) was applied at the beginning and three months after the end of the course, considering two indicators: (1) assiduity and (2) difficulties they had when handling the different demands of social interaction. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post intervention scores (p = 0.014), showing an increase in the frequency of skills. For difficulty, no significant difference was observed, although there was a decrease of 13.45%. The university can be a space not only for analytical and instrumental training, but for the interpersonal development of both the internal and external community.

El efecto de la pandemia sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje en los dos primeros años de vida / The effect of the pandemic on language development in the first two years of life

Antecedentes y objetivo: Los efectos que la pandemia por la COVID-19 ha podido tener en el desarrollo del lenguaje de la población infantil son todavía poco conocidos. En este estudio investigamos el efecto de la pandemia sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje evaluando el nivel de vocabulario y el nivel morfosintáctico en una muestra de niños y niñas de entre 18 y 31meses. Participantes y método: La muestra está compuesta por 153 niños y niñas de entre 18 y 31meses de edad. De estos participantes, 82 nacieron y se evaluaron antes de la pandemia (grupo PRE) y los otros 71 nacieron durante la pandemia y se evaluaron al final del curso 2021/2022, el último curso en el que se han mantenido medidas restrictivas derivadas de la pandemia en el contexto escolar (grupo POST). Los dos grupos de niños estaban igualados por edad y por nivel de estudios de las madres, y asistían a escuelas infantiles de similares características socioeconómicas. Resultados: Se observan puntuaciones más bajas tanto en nivel de vocabulario como de desarrollo morfosintáctico en los participantes del grupo POST que en los participantes del grupo PRE. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con los escasos estudios previos sobre el desarrollo lingüístico de los niños durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: Las medidas adoptadas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 han tenido un impacto negativo en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños y niñas menores de 3años de edad. Es necesario prestar una atención especial a las necesidades de estos niños en el futuro próximo.(AU)

Background and objectives: The effects that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had on the language development of children are still poorly understood. In this study, we examine the effect of the pandemic on this development by analyzing the vocabulary and the morphosyntactic level in a sample of toddlers. Participants and method: One hundred and fifty-three boys and girls between 18 and 31months of age participated in the study. Of these participants, 82 were born and evaluated before the pandemic (PRE group) and the other 71 were born during the pandemic and were evaluated at the end of the 2021/2022 academic year, the last academic year in which restrictive measures derived from the pandemic were maintained in the schools (POST group). Both groups were matched by age and mother's educational level and attended nursery schools with similar socioeconomic characteristics. Results: We found lower scores both in vocabulary and morphosyntactic development in the POST group than in the PRE group. These findings are consistent with the scarce previous studies on children's language development during the pandemic. Conclusions: The measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic have had a negative impact on the language development of children under 3years of age. It is necessary to pay special attention to these children due to the needs they may require in the immediate future.(AU)

Coping with Transgressions by the Romantic Partner: An Inventory Validation and its Correlation with Forgiveness / Afrontamiento ante las Transgresiones de la Pareja: Validación de un Inventario y su Relación con el Perdón

Abstract Almost every person has to deal with transgressions committed by a romantic partner and faces their negative psychological outcomes, and coping strategies might be key to understanding post-transgression dynamics and forgiveness. We tested the construct validity of the Inventory of Strategies for Coping with a Partner's Transgression which include the emotion (E-FCS), problem (P-FCS), and meaning-focused coping strategies (M-FCS) scales. Results replicated the factor structure of each of the three scales through confirmatory factor analysis techniques, tested its reliability with the McDonald's omega coefficient, and then correlated the scales with forgiveness and resentment, strengthening its construct validity. In general, the validity and reliability of scales were confirmed. Emotion-focused strategies showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, while problem and meaning-focused strategies had a positive correlation. These findings were discussed in the context of theory and their practical implications.

Resumen Las personas tienden a lidiar con transgresiones cometidas por su pareja y enfrentar sus consecuencias psicológicas aversivas, por lo que las estrategias de afrontamiento pueden ser clave para la dinámica post-transgresión, y el perdón. Validamos tres escalas para medir estrategias de afrontamiento ante las transgresiones cometidas por la pareja: Estrategias enfocadas en la emoción (E-FCS), el problema (P-FCS) y el sentido (M-FCS). Los resultados muestran que las estructuras factoriales se replicaron en mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios, se puso a prueba su confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente omega de McDonald, y finalmente se correlacionaron con el perdón y resentimiento, fortaleciendo su validez de constructo. En general los resultados muestran evidencia de validez de constructo y confiabilidad, en general los factores de la E-FCS se correlacionaron negativamente con al perdón, mientras que de P-FCS Y M-FSC lo hicieron positivamente. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de la teoría, y sus implicaciones prácticas.

How to evaluate coping strategies for stressful situations? Validation of the CSI in a Spanish university population / ¿Cómo evaluar las estrategias de afrontamiento para situaciones estresantes? Validación de la CSI en población universitaria española

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) in a sample of students from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) in the COVID-19 post-pandemic setting. For this, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 2835 university students (71.1% women and 28.9% men) participated, with an average age of 21.8 years (SD= 2.97). The factorial structure of the scale was assessed using descriptive and confirmatory analyses, and the results confirm that the CSI maintained the structure of eight correlated factors. In addition, the CSI presented adequate levels of reliability that provide evidence for its use among Spanish university students. Taking into account the characteristics of stress in a university population, having instruments validated in higher education regarding students’ coping strategies for stressful situations makes it possible to analyze and, therefore, influence the implementation and development of education policies aimed at improving the academic experiences of university students.(AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento (CSI) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) en el contexto pospandemia de la COVID-19. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 2835 estudiantes universitarios (71,1% mujeres y 28,9% hombres), con una edad media de 21,8 años (DE= 2.97). La estructura factorial de la escala fue evaluada mediante análisis descriptivos y confirmatorios, y los resultados confirman que el CSI mantuvo la estructura de ocho factores correlacionados. Además, el CSI presenta adecuados niveles de fiabilidad que aportan evidencia para su uso entre estudiantes universitarios españoles. Teniendo en cuenta las características propias del estrés en población universitaria, contar con instrumentos validados en la educación superior sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento de los estudiantes ante situaciones estresantes permite analizar y, por ende, incidir en la implementación y desarrollo de políticas educativas encaminadas a mejorar las experiencias académicas de los estudiantes universitarios.(AU)

Floristic composition of climbing plants on a humid forest fragment in the Planalto da Ibiapaba, Ceará State, Brazil / Composição florística das plantas trepadeiras de um fragmento de mata úmida no Planalto da Ibiapaba, Estado do Ceará, Brasil

In tropical forests, climbing plants are an important component of the species richness. This study aimed to know the floristic composition of vines in a stretch of forest in the Planalto da Ibiapaba. It was performed at Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil, in an area that covers about 124 ha and has an altitude between 670-850 meters. We list 61 species of vines, distributed in 43 genera and 22 families. The richest families were Convolvulaceae (11 spp.) and Fabaceae (11), followed by Bignoniaceae (seven), Passifloraceae (four), Cucurbitaceae (three) and Sapindaceae (three). We identified 31 woody vines (lianas) and 30 herbaceous vines. The volubile ascension mechanism was highlighted, being found in 55,7% of the species. An identification key for the set of identified species is displayed.

Em florestas tropicais, as trepadeiras são um importante componente da riqueza de espécies. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística de trepadeiras em um trecho de floresta no Planalto da Ibiapaba. O estudo foi realizado no Sítio Coqueiros, Ipu, Estado do Ceará, Brasil, numa área que abrange cerca de 124 ha e possui altitude entre 670-850 metros. Foram identificadas 61 espécies de trepadeiras, distribuídas em 43 gêneros e 22 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram Convolvulaceae (11 spp.) e Fabaceae (11), seguidas de Bignoniaceae (sete), Passifloraceae (quatro), Cucurbitaceae (três) e Sapindaceae (três). Foram identificadas 31 trepadeiras lenhosas (lianas) e 30 herbáceas. O mecanismo de ascensão mais representativo foi o volúvel, encontrado em 55,7% das espécies. É apresentada uma chave de identificação para o conjunto de espécies identificadas.

Análisis psicométricos del Inventario de los Cinco Continuos de la Personalidad, versión corta (ICCP-SF) / Psychometric analyses of the Five Continua Personality Inventory, Short Form (FCPI-SF)

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar una versión corta del Inventario de Cinco Continuos de la Personalidad (ICCP; de la Iglesia y Castro Solano, 2021). Para ello se analizó una muestra de 2 183 adultos de población general de edad promedio de 39.04 años (DE = 14.18; 51.95 % mujeres, 47.64 % varones, 0.41 % otro). Se obtuvo una versión corta de 55 elementos que cumplían con los criterios de calidad interna, externa y de juicio esperados. Los elementos resultaron claros, no redundantes y altamente correlacionados con la puntuación total de la escala a la que pertenecían (entre .89 y .96). Además, la estructura factorial de diez rasgos de la personalidad presentó un buen ajuste y buena consistencia interna. Las correlaciones entre las versiones cortas de las escalas y las largas fueron todas positivas y altas (entre .89 y .96). Además, los análisis de asociación con los criterios externos resultaron como se esperaba: los rasgos patológicos correlacionaron de manera directa con la presencia de sintomatología psicológica (entre .26 y .64) y de manera inversa con el bienestar (-.18 y -.43); los rasgos positivos y los índices de ajuste correlacionaron de manera inversa con la presencia de sintomatología psicológica (entre -.09 y -.53) y de manera directa con el bienestar (entre .11 y .44). Se concluye que la versión corta del ICCP resulta ser una medida psicométrica apropiada y se sugiere su uso para el ámbito de investigación o para instancias de rastrillaje en el ámbito aplicado.

Abstract This research aimed at developing a short version of the Five Continua Personality Inventory (FCPI; de la Iglesia y Castro Solano, 2021). The FCPI is a 120 item measure that operationalizes the Dual Personality Model (DPM). The DPM proposes that personality traits may and must be assessed in their pathological and positive aspects conjointly. DPM is based on the notion of traits conceived as dimensional and in the notion of continuum of traits. These two pillars allow to study the degree of presence of each trait (dimensionally) and their pathological and positive aspects (continuum). Pathological traits included in the model are negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism. Positive traits are serenity, humanity, integrity, moderation and sprightliness. An assessment of this kind would provide a notion of the total personality adjustment that considers both aspects of the phenomenon as well as an integrated view of personality functioning as a whole, in contrast to a dissociated one. The strengths of the DPM are: (1) the integrated view of personality that includes healthy and pathological aspects simultaneously; (2) the use of dimensional measures in contrast of categories; and (3) its link to current diagnostic nosologies (DSM-5). Since the FCPI could be considered too long for many instances of psychological assessment, the development of a shorter version could provide a more versatile measure. Shorter versions of this type of instruments are recommended for long research surveys and longitudinal studies since they would prevent the undesirable effect than long scales have on attrition rates or attention levels. To develop a shorter version three main aspects were considered: (1) the characteristics of the items that can be assessed by studying their association with each other (internal item qualities); (2) the correlation of the new instrument with other variables or indicators (external item qualities); and (3) the properties that exceed statistical analyses, such as clarity, non-redundancy, invasiveness and "face" validity (judgmental item qualities). Sample was composed of 2 183 adults of the general population with a mean age of 39.04 (SD = 14.18; 51.95 % female, 47.64 % male, 0.41 % other). A shorter version was obtained which had 55 items that met the internal, external and judgement quality criteria expected. Selected elements were clear, non-redundant and had a high correlation with the total score of the scale they belonged to (between .89 and .96). In addition, evidence of the ten-trait personality model (five pathological traits and five positive traits) was obtained by means of a confirmatory factor analysis since the structure showed an excellent fit. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach, ordinal and Omega alphas and their values were as expected and also indicated a good psychometric functioning of the scale. Associations between the long version and the short version of each scale were all positive and strong (between .89 and .96). Additionally, correlation analyses with external criteria resulted as expected: pathological traits were positively associated with psychological symptoms (between .26 and .64) and negatively associated with well-being (between -.18 and -.43); positive traits and adjustment indexes were negatively related to psychological symptoms (between -.09 and -.53) and positively related to well-being (between .11 and .44). An interesting result is that, when compared with the ten individual traits, indexes had stronger associations with psychological symptoms and well-being. It is possible that these combined measures have greater explanatory power since they provide an integrated view of personality in contrast to a disaggregated assessment. It is concluded that the short version of the FCPI meets the three criteria sought and it is an appropriate psychometric measure and it is suggested to be used for research purposes or for screening assessments in the applied fields.

Incidência de infecção do trato urinário em unidade de terapia intensiva: implementação de um checklist assistencial / Incidence of urinary tract infection in intensive care unit: implementation of assistance checklist / Incidencia de infección del tracto urinario en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: implementación de una lista de verificación de cuidados

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do checklist reconstruído por uma equipe interdisciplinar, como estratégia de redução de incidência de infecção do trato urinário e do tempo de permanência do uso do cateter vesical de demora em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, observacional, realizado entre os meses de janeiro de 2018 a junho de 2019, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário da Cidade de Ponta Grossa ­ Paraná. O checklist, implementado na instituição, é baseado no Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, na prevenção de infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t-student. Resultados: Observou-se uma redução de casos novos após a implementação do checklist (p=0,0005), e nos dias de permanência com o cateter vesical de demora, que teve uma média (115,3) antes do checklist ser implementado, diminuindo para (69,6) após. Conclusão: As ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde trazem resultados atenuantes na redução de Infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. (AU)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the checklist reconstructed by an interdisciplinary team, as a strategy to reduce the incidence of infection from urinary treatment and the time of permanence of the use of a delay bladder catheter in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective, observational study, carried out between the months of January 2018 to June 2019, in the Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital of the City of Ponta Grossa - Paraná. Or checklist, implemented by the institution, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on the prevention of infections related to health care. The given foram analyzed hair test t-student. Results: Observation of a reduction of new cases after the implementation of the checklist (p = 0.0005), and the days of permanence with a late bladder catheter, which had a mean (115.3) before the checklist was implemented, decreasing to (69.6) after. Conclusion: The actions developed by health professionals bring attenuating results in the reduction of Healthcare-Related Infections. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del checklist reconstruido por un equipo interdisciplinario, como estrategia para reducir la incidencia de infección del tracto urinario y el tiempo de estadía en el uso de catéteres urinarios permanentes en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. Métodos: Estudio observacional cuantitativo, retrospectivo, realizado entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2019, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Ponta Grossa - Paraná. La lista de verificación, implementada en la institución, se basa en los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, en la prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la salud. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t-student. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de casos nuevos luego de la implementación de la lista de chequeo (p = 0.0005), y en los días de estadía con el catéter urinario permanente, que tuvieron un promedio (115.3) antes de la implementación de la lista de chequeo, disminuyendo a (69.6) después. Conclusión: Las acciones realizadas por los profesionales de la salud traen resultados mitigantes en la reducción de infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud. (AU)

Updated list of non-volant small mammals from the Serra da Bocaina National Park, southeastern Brazil / Lista atualizada dos pequenos mamíferos não-voadores do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, sudeste do Brasil

Abstract In the core of the Atlantic Forest biome, the Serra da Bocaina National Park (SBNP) is located in the Atlantic Forest Southeast area of endemism for vertebrates. Filling gaps in knowledge about the spatial distribution and occurrence of species in national parks is of fundamental importance to know how many species are protected and to guide conservation initiatives. Here we updated the non-volant small mammal species list of the SBNP, providing new data on species list and abundance, with species identified mainly by karyotype and/or molecular analysis. Twelve sampling sessions with a capture-mark-recapture approach were carried out in four sites in the SBNP from 2013 to 2016, during the paving works of the state highway RJ-165 (Estrada Parque Paraty-Cunha), municipality of Paraty, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Non-volant small mammals (Rodentia and Didelphimorphia) were sampled using Sherman® and Tomahawk® live traps (18,987 trap-nights) and pitfall traps (4,591 trap-nights). Thirty-two species (11 marsupials and 21 rodents) were recorded from 1,185 captured specimens. Species richness ranged from 18 to 28 between sites. Ten and 11 species were exclusively captured in live traps and pitfall traps, respectively. The observed richness (32 species) represented 91.4% of the estimated species richness for the study area. Sites 2 and 4 were the most similar to each other regarding species composition, and site 3 was the most dissimilar. The species with highest relative abundance were Euryoryzomys russatus (14%) and Delomys dorsalis (14%), while six species had relative abundances lower than 1%. Fourteen and 17 species were identified by karyotype and molecular analysis, respectively. The present study added 22 species to the park's non-volant small mammals list, which now has 37 species with confirmed occurrence. This species richness found in the SBNP is one of the highest ever recorded for the group of non-volant small mammals in protected areas of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, corroborating the Serra da Bocaina region as a biodiversity hotspot.

Resumen No cerne do bioma Mata Atlântica, o Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (PNSB) está localizado na área Sudeste de endemismo para vertebrados na Mata Atlântica. Preencher lacunas de conhecimento sobre a distribuição espacial e ocorrência das espécies em parques nacionais é de fundamental importância para saber quantas espécies estão protegidas e orientar iniciativas de conservação. Aqui atualizamos a lista de espécies de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores do PNSB, fornecendo novos dados sobre a lista de espécies e abundância, com espécies identificadas principalmente por análises cariotípicas e/ou molecular. Doze sessões de amostragem com uma abordagem de captura-marcação-recaptura foram realizadas em quatro áreas no PNSB de 2013 a 2016, durante as obras de pavimentação da rodovia estadual RJ-165 (Estrada Parque Paraty-Cunha), município de Paraty, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os pequenos mamíferos não-voadores (Rodentia e Didelphimorphia) foram amostrados usando armadilhas de captura viva Sherman® e Tomahawk® (18.987 armadilhas-noite) e armadilhas de queda (4.591 armadilhas-noite). Trinta e duas espécies (11 marsupiais e 21 roedores) foram registradas em 1.185 espécimes capturados. A riqueza de espécies variou de 18 a 28 entre as áreas de amostragem. Dez e 11 espécies foram capturadas exclusivamente em armadilhas de captura viva e armadilhas de queda, respectivamente. A riqueza observada (32 espécies) representou 91,4% da riqueza de espécies estimada para a área de estudo. As áreas 2 e 4 foram as mais semelhantes entre si quanto à composição de espécies, e a área 3 foi a mais dissimilar. As espécies com maior abundância relativa foram Euryoryzomys russatus (14%) e Delomys dorsalis (14%), enquanto seis espécies tiveram abundâncias relativas inferiores a 1%. Quatorze e 17 espécies foram identificadas pelo cariótipo e por análise molecular, respectivamente. O presente estudo acrescentou 22 espécies à lista de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores do parque, que passou a contar com 37 espécies com ocorrência confirmada. Essa riqueza de espécies encontrada no PNSB é uma das maiores já registradas para o grupo dos pequenos mamíferos não-voadores em áreas protegidas da Mata Atlântica no Brasil, corroborando a região da Serra da Bocaina como um hotspot de biodiversidade.

Fishes from Yarinacocha lake: an emblematic Amazonian ecosystem in the lower Ucayali River basin, Pucallpa, Peru / Peixes do lago Yarinacocha: um ecossistema amazônico emblemático na bacia do baixo rio Ucayali, Pucallpa, Peru

The Yarinacocha lake is an emblematic ecosystem of the Peruvian Amazon, representing the main point of fish landing and a tourist attraction in the city of Pucallpa. The wide fauna diversity in this area has made it the target of various studies, although for fish species most of them were focused on commercial species. In this work, we carried out the first ichthyofauna species inventory of the Yarinacocha lake, sampling throughout the entire lake during the rainy and dry seasons and considering also all previously recorded species deposited in the Ichthyological Collection of the MUSM with the same locality. A total of 164 fish species were recorded, representing 10 orders (plus Eupercaria), 34 families and 116 genera. Characiformes was the order with more species (68 spp., 41.5%) followed by Siluriformes (59 spp., 36%), Cichliformes (17 spp., 10.5%), and Gymnotiformes (8 spp., 4.9%). The most highly represented families, including almost 55.5% of the total diversity obtained, were Characidae (23 spp., 14%), followed by Cichlidae (17 spp., 10.4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8.5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7.9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7.4%) and Anostomidae (12 spp., 7.3%). From the total fish species recorded in this study, only 22 are considered protected species following the IUCN criteria and 109 species have commercial importance, including 90 ornamental species (54.8%). Our results contribute to the knowledge of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake and can be used as a starting point for its conservation and sustainable management over time.

O lago Yarinacocha é um ecossistema emblemático da Amazônia peruana, representando o principal ponto de desembarque de peixes e também uma atração turística da cidade de Pucallpa. A grande diversidade faunística nesta área a tornou alvo de vários estudos, embora para as espécies de peixes a maioria deles tenha sido focada em espécies comerciais. Neste trabalho, realizamos o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha, amostrando todo o lago durante as estações chuvosa e seca, e também considerando todas as espécies depositadas na Coleção Ictiológica do MUSM dessa localidade. Um total de 164 espécies de peixes foram registradas, representando 10 ordens (mais Eupercaria), 34 famílias e 116 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem com mais espécies (68 espécies, 41,5%), seguida por Siluriformes (59 espécies, 36%), Cichliformes (17 espécies, 10,5%) e Gymnotiformes (8 espécies, 4,9%). As famílias mais representadas, incluindo quase 55,5% da diversidade total obtida, foram Characidae (23 spp., 14%), seguido por Cichlidae (17 spp., 10,4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8,5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7,9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7,4%) e Anostomidae (12 spp., 7,3%). Do total de espécies de peixes registradas neste estudo, apenas 22 são consideradas espécies protegidas seguindo os critérios da IUCN e 109 espécies têm importância comercial, incluindo 90 espécies ornamentais (54,8%). Nossos resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha e podem ser utilizados como ponto de partida para sua conservação e manejo sustentável ao longo do tempo.

Efeito da idade gestacional para o desenvolvimento de bebês pré-termo durante o primeiro ano / Effect of gestational age on the development of preterm babies during the first year / Efecto de la edad gestacional en el desarrollo de los prematuros durante el primer año

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da idade gestacional no desenvolvimento de bebês pré-termo e descrever indicadores para o primeiro ano. Participaram 191 bebês, que foram avaliados com o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado Adaptado (IPAB), aos seis, nove e doze meses. Os bebês e suas famílias frequentavam um programa de Intervenção Precoce oferecido em uma instituição do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os escores observados, para as cinco áreas do IPAB, foram mais próximas ao esperado aos 12 meses. Nessa idade, observou-se, também, que o efeito da prematuridade foi menor, mesmo para os bebês que nasceram com menor idade gestacional. Destaca-se a importância da participação em programas de Intervenção Precoce o mais cedo possível, permanecendo ao longo da primeira infância.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of gestational age on the development of preterm babies. A total of 191 babies participated, who were evaluated with the Adapted Operationalized Portage Inventory (IPAB), at six, nine and twelve months. The babies and their families attended an Early Intervention program in a country town in the state of São Paulo - Brazil. The scores observed for the five areas of the IPAB were closer to the expected at 12 months. At this age, it was also observed that the effect of prematurity was smaller, even for babies born at a lower gestational age. The importance of participating in Early Intervention programs as early as possible, remaining throughout early childhood, is highlighted.

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la edad gestacional en el desarrollo de los bebés prematuros. Participaron 191 bebés, evaluados con el Inventario de Portage Operacionalizado Adaptado (IPAB), a los seis, nueve y doce meses. Los bebés y sus familias frecuentaron un programa de Atención Temprana ofrecido en una institución del interior del estado de São Paulo. Los puntajes observados para las cinco áreas del IPAB se acercaron más a lo esperado a los 12 meses. A esta edad también se observó que el efecto de la prematuridad era menor, incluso para los nacidos a menor edad gestacional. Se destaca la importancia de participar en los programas de Intervención Temprana lo antes posible, continuando durante toda la primera infancia.

Adaptation and initial validation of the Spanish version of the chronic otitis media questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) and chronic otitis media benefit inventory (COMBI)

Background and objectives: The chronic otitis media questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) and chronic otitis media benefit inventory (COMBI) aim to assess the quality of life related to chronic otitis media or its surgical treatment. The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish adaptation of the COMQ-12 and COMBI.Patients and methodsMulticentre prospective instrument validation study. guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process were followed. The psychometric properties of the Spanish versions (“COMQ-12-Spa” for “COMQ-12-Spanish” and “COMBI-Spa” for “COMBI-Spanish”) were assessed in 25 consecutive adults undergoing tympanoplasty and in a separate cohort of 25 unaffected adults.ResultsCOMQ-12-Spa: test–retest reliability, r=0.98; internal consistency reliability, α=0.92. Item-subscale and item-total coefficients, ≥0.40. Between-group discrimination, p<0.0001. COMBI-Spa: internal consistency, α=0.96. A high-intensity relationship between the variables was shown, ≥0.40. Correlation between the COMBI-Spa and the Spanish Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), r=0.89; p<0.01.ConclusionPsychometric testing of the Spanish versions of the COMQ-12-Spa and COMBI-Spa yielded satisfactory results, thus allowing pre- and postintervention assessment of the subjective severity of chronic otitis media in adult patients. (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: El Cuestionario de otitis media crónica-12 (COMQ-12) y el Inventario de beneficios en otitis media crónica (COMBI) valoran la calidad de vida relacionada con la otitis media crónica o su tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo del estudio fue validar la adaptación española de los originales británicos.Pacientes y métodosEstudio multicéntrico prospectivo de validación de instrumento. Se siguieron las pautas para el proceso de adaptación transcultural. Las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones españolas, COMQ-12-Spa y COMBI-Spa, fueron evaluadas en 25 adultos consecutivos intervenidos de timpanoplastia y en una cohorte separada de 25 adultos sanos.ResultadosCOMQ-12-Spa: fiabilidad test-retest, r=0,98; consistencia interna, α=0,92; coeficientes ítem-subescala e ítem-total, ≥0,40; discriminación entre grupos, p<0,0001. COMBI-Spa: consistencia interna, α=0.96. Se encontró una relación de intensidad elevada entre las variables, ≥0,40. Correlación entre COMBI-Spa y Glasgow Benefit Inventory español (GBI), r=0,89; p<0,01.ConclusionesLas pruebas psicométricas de las versiones españolas COMQ-12-Spa y COMBI-Spa ofrecieron resultados satisfactorios, lo que permite la valoración pre y postintervención de la severidad subjetiva de la otitis media crónica en pacientes adultos. (AU)

Ansiedad y depresión posparto a largo plazo de las madres con COVID-19 durante el embarazo

La pandemia de COVID-19 se asocia con resultados mentales negativos en el período posparto temprano. Objetivo. Evaluar la salud mental posparto a largo plazo de las mujeres infectadas con COVID-19 durante el embarazo. Métodos. Estudio transversal en 101 gestantes que dieron a luz en un centro terciario durante la pandemia de COVID-19, entre el 31 de marzo de 2020 y el 30 de noviembre de 2021. Se clasificó a las gestantes en 2 grupos como COVID-19 positivo (grupo de estudio, n=52) y COVID-19 negativo (grupo control, n=49). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y obstétricos mediante un cuestionario en los períodos posparto temprano (≤6 meses) y tardío (6 a 18 meses). Se calculó la puntuación del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (IDB) y del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (IAB) mediante el análisis de los datos de las participantes. Resultados. La puntuación media del IDB y la tasa de depresión (puntuación del IDB >13) en las pacientes con COVID-19 positivo fueron mayores en el período posparto temprano que en el tardío. Según el análisis de regresión lineal multivariante, existió una correlación significativa entre la puntuación IDB de las pacientes con COVID-19 y el nivel educativo y la situación laboral. Según el mismo análisis, existió una correlación significativa entre la puntuación del IAB de los pacientes con COVID-19 y el apoyo del cónyuge, la relación marital y las enfermedades relacionadas con el nacimiento. Se encontró que las pacientes con COVID-19 positivo y COVID-19 negativo tenían puntuaciones IDB e IAB similares en los periodos postparto temprano (≤6 meses) y tardío (6-18 meses). Además, las tasas de ansiedad y depresión fueron similares en ambos grupos en los mismos períodos posparto. Conclusión. En nuestro estudio, la infección por COVID-19 en el embarazo no tuvo un impacto adicional significativo en la salud mental materna en el posparto a largo plazo.

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with negative mental outcomes in the early postpartum period. Objective: To assess the long-term postpartum mental health of women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 101 pregnant women who gave birth in a tertiary center during the COVID-19 pandemic, between March 31, 2020, and November 30, 2021. The pregnant women were classified into 2 groups as COVID-19 positive (study group, n=52) and COVID-19 negative (control group, n=49). Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected by questionnaire in the early (≤6 months) and late (6-18 months) postpartum periods. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores were calculated by analysis of the participants' data. Results: The mean BDI score and the rate of depression (BDI score >13) in COVID-19 positive patients were higher in the early postpartum period than in the late postpartum period. According to multivariate linear regression analysis, there was a significant correlation between the BDI score of COVID-19 patients and educational level and employment status. According to the same analysis, there was a significant correlation between the BAI score of COVID-19 patients and spousal support, marital relationship, and birthrelated diseases. We found that COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative patients had similar BDI and BAI scores in the early (≤6 months) and late (6-18 months) postpartum periods. In addition, rates of anxiety and depression were similar in both groups at the same postpartum periods. Conclusion: In our study, COVID-19 infection in pregnancy had no significant additional impact on long-term postpartum maternal mental health.

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Proposal of a short version in Spanish / The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: propuesta de una versión corta en español

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la estructura factorial, la confiabilidad y proporcionar alguna evidencia de validez de la versión en español del Inventario de Roles Sexuales de Bem (BSRI), que evalúa la autodescripción en términos de rasgos de género. Una muestra de 2.672 participantes españoles, adultos heterosexuales (1.289 hombres, 1.383 mujeres) distribuidos en cuatro grupos de edad (18-25, 26-35, 36-55, 56 años o más), completó una versión en español de 40 ítems delBSRI. Se propone una escala de 8 ítems con estructura bidimensional: Masculinidad (M) y Feminidad (F). Ambos factores presentan una fiabilidad adecuada. Con respecto a la evidencia de validez, los hombres (vs. las mujeres) obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en M y las mujeres (vs. los hombres) en F. Las puntuaciones M fueron más altas para los participantes menores de 56 años. No se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones F entre grupos de edad. Discutimos la utilidad de esta medida para evaluar las diferencias interindividuales, según el sexo y la edad, en la autoatribución de los rasgos de género tradicionales.(AU)

The study objective was to examine the factorial structure, reliability and to provide some evidence for validity of the Spanish version of the Bem Sexual Roles Inventory (BSRI), which assesses self-description in terms of gender traits. A sample of 2,672 Spanish participants, heterosexual adults (1,289 men, 1,383 women) distributed into four age groups (18-25, 26-35, 36-55, 56 years or more), completed a Spanish 40-item version of BSRI. An 8-item scale is proposed with a two-dimensional structure: Masculinity (M) and Femininity (F). Both factors present adequate reliability. Regarding evidence for validity, men (vs. women) scored higher in M, and women (vs. men) in F. The M scores were higher for the participants aged less than 56 years. No differences were found in the F scores among age groups. We discuss the usefulness of this measure to assess interindividual differences, across sex and age, in the self-attribution of traditional gender traits.(AU)

Comparativa entre procedimientos para el análisis del primer desarrollo lingüístico en niños y niñas con L1 vasco y español / Comparison between procedures for the analysis on the first linguistic development in children with MT Basque and Spanish

Antecedentes y objetivo: La necesidad de realizar estudios sobre el nivel de desarrollo léxico temprano en niños bilingües vasco-español es una realidad plasmada en la literatura científica. En este contexto, tanto los inventarios de desarrollo comunicativo MacArthur-Bates como los métodos basados en la observación temprana han supuesto un importante elemento para el análisis del nivel de desarrollo lingüístico de los niños. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de llevar a cabo una comparativa entre dos instrumentos diferentes sobre una misma muestra: por una parte, el Inventario de Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas de MacArthur-Bates, en sus adaptaciones en español y en vasco, y por otra parte, la observación longitudinal por medio de las grabaciones de los niños en contextos diferentes de comunicación espontánea. Materiales y método: Los participantes han sido 8 niños vascos con distinta L1 (vasco o español) analizados desde los 17 a los 30meses y procedentes de un pequeño pueblo del País Vasco, Bermeo. Se realizaron tres grabaciones mediante la observación contextualizada no-participativa en aquellos meses en los que los niños/as cumplían 17, 25 y 30meses. Además, las anotaciones y transcripciones se realizaron a través de softwares profesionales: ELAN y CHAT. Asimismo, en el momento de la tercera grabación las familias cumplimentaron el CDI-2 en su adaptación al castellano y al euskera. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la utilidad de los reportes parentales para lograr información sobre el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas tempranas.(AU)

Background and objective: The need to carry out studies on the level of early lexical development in Basque-Spanish bilingual children is a reality reflected in the scientific literature. In this context, both the MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories and the methods based on early observation have been an important element for the analysis of the level of linguistic development of children. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to carry out a comparison between two different instruments on the same sample: on the one hand, the MacArthur-Bates Communication Skills Development Inventory, in its adaptations in Spanish and Basque, and, on the other hand, longitudinal observation through recordings of children in different contexts of spontaneous communication. Materials and method: The participants were 8 Basque children with different L1 (Basque or Spanish) analyzed from 17 to 30months and from a small town in the Basque Country, Bermeo. Three recordings were made through non-participatory contextualized observation in those months in which the children were 17, 25 and 30months old. In addition, the annotations and transcripts were made through professional software: ELAN and CHAT. Likewise, at the time of the third recording, the families completed the CDI-2 in its adaptation to Spanish and Basque. Results: The results show the usefulness of parental reports to obtain information on the development of early communication skills. In any case, the need for larger explorations is considered necessary in order not to fall into the argument of the «overvaluation» of children's broadcasts.(AU)

Lista de especies de peces de la cuenca del río Ucayali, Perú

En este trabajo se presenta una lista actualizada de los registros de especies de peces de la cuenca del río Ucayali, Perú, provenientes de datos publicados y no publicados. Los resultados muestran que la cuenca del Ucayali presenta una ictiofauna rica y diversificada con el registro de 734 especies distribuidas en 15 órdenes, 49 familias y 292 géneros. La Ictiofauna está compuesta por peces miniatura (4%), peces pequeños (39%), medianos (41%), grandes (13%) y gigantes (3%). Los grupos dominantes son los Characiformes (312 especies, 43.0 %), Siluriformes (270 especies, 36.8%), Gymnotiformes (51 especies, 6.9%), y Cichliformes (50 especies, 6.8%). Parte de la ictiofauna es compartida con cuencas adyacentes como Marañón, y Amazonas peruano, principalmente en la región de confluencia, lo que contribuye a la notable diversidad de peces en la cuenca. Se observó una alta riqueza de especies con distribución restricta de los géneros Orestias, Astroblepus, Trichomycterus, Hemibrycon, entre otras especies, que ocurren en la región de cabeceras. Estimativos de riqueza de especies considerando su distribución por cada 100 m de altitud, indican que la cuenca del Ucayali esta subestimada, esperándose encontrar hasta 1125 especies. Los resultados aquí presentados son antecedentes que coadyuvaran a la toma de decisiones con fines de conservación y desarrollo sustentable en la región amazónica.

This study presents an updated checklists of the fish species recorded in the Ucayali River basin, Peru, from published and unpublished data. Ucayali River basin shows a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 734 species distributed in 15 orders, 49 families and 292 genera. It is composed by miniature fishes (4 %, < 2.6 cm of standard length), small fishes (39 %), medium fishes (41 %), large fishes (13 %) and giants (3 %). The dominant groups are Characiformes (312 species, 43.0 %), Siluriformes (270 species, 36.8 %), Gymnotiformes (51 species, 6.9 %) and Cichliformes (50 species, 6.8 %). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with the adjacent basins as Marañón and Amazon, mainly in the confluence area, which contribute to the highest diversity of fishes in the Ucayali basin. High diversity of fishes with restricted distribution was observed, among them Orestias, Astroblepus, Trichomycterus, Hemibrycon genera that occur in the headwaters. Estimates of species richness considering their distribution per 100 m of altitude, show that the Ucayali basin is underestimated, expecting to find up to 1125 species. The results presented here are background information that will contribute to decision-making for conservation and sustainable development purposes in the Amazon region.

Los bosques estacionalmente secos del Perú: un re-análisis de sus patrones de diversidad y relaciones florísticas

Los bosques estacionalmente secos en el Perú constituyen un conjunto de ecosistemas que incluye tres grandes grupos florísticos: bosques costeros, interandinos y orientales. Con la excepción de los bosques estacionalmente secos de las llanuras costeras del norte del país, hasta hace poco la ausencia de datos hacía difícil describir adecuadamente estos grupos en base a su florística. En los últimos 20 años, en estos bosques se han generado diversos estudios florísticos e inventarios botánicos enfocados en plantas leñosas, que han llenado vacíos de conocimiento en áreas críticas. Con estos estudios hemos generado la base de datos DRYFLOR Perú que a la fecha incluye 526 inventarios cuantitativos (listas de especies en áreas discretas incluyendo registros de sus abundancias) y que nos permiten confirmar la distinción florística de los tres grandes grupos. Adicionalmente logramos reconocer claramente dos subgrupos de bosques estacionalmente secos costeros (de llanura y de montaña), dos subgrupos interandinos (valles del Marañón-Mantaro y del Pampas) y tres subgrupos orientales (valles del Huallaga, Tambo y Urubamba). Todos los subgrupos tienen un ensamblaje de especies de plantas leñosas que los distingue y caracteriza en términos de abundancia, frecuencia, riqueza de especies y niveles de endemismo. Si bien ahora podemos describir mejor la heterogeneidad florística de los bosques estacionalmente secos en el Perú, hemos identificado vacíos de conocimiento importantes que requieren de atención prioritaria: i) requerimos de esfuerzos de inventario adicionales en los bosques orientales, ii) necesitamos resolver las afinidades florísticas de los bosques del valle del Apurímac, iii) nuestros datos coinciden en poco más del 75% con las definiciones y distribución de bosques secos del reciente Mapa Nacional de Ecosistemas del Perú, y será necesario revisar el concepto de bosque estacionalmente seco para lograr capturar adecuadamente su distribución en este instrumento de gestión.

Seasonally dry forests in Peru are a combination of ecosystems that include three large floristic groups: coastal, inter-Andean and eastern forests. Except for the seasonally dry forests of the northern coastal plains of the country, until recently it was difficult to explore what occurred floristically within each group due to lack of data. However, in the last 20 years various floristic studies and botanical inventories focused on woody plants have managed to fill knowledge gaps in critical areas. With these studies we have generated the DRYFLOR Peru database that to date includes 526 quantitative inventories (lists of species in discrete areas, including records of their abundances) and that allows us to confirm the floristic distinction of the three large groups. Additionally, we were able to clearly recognize two subgroups of seasonally dry coastal forests (on coastal plains and along the Andean piedmont), two inter-Andean subgroups (within the Marañón-Mantaro and Pampas valleys) and three eastern subgroups (within the Huallaga, Tambo and Urubamba valleys). All subgroups have an assemblage of woody plant species that distinguishes and characterizes them in terms of abundance, frequency, species richness, and levels of endemism. Although we can now better describe the floristic heterogeneity of seasonally dry forests in Peru, we have identified important knowledge gaps that require urgent attention: i) we require additional inventory efforts in the eastern forests, ii) we need to resolve the floristic affinities of the forests of the Apurímac valley, iii) our data agree in little more than 75% with the definitions and distribution of dry forests of the recent National Ecosystem Map of Peru, and it will be necessary to review the concept of seasonally dry forests to adequately capture its distribution in this management tool.